Compare Cambodia (2002) - Micronesia, Federated States of (2006)

Compare Cambodia (2002) z Micronesia, Federated States of (2006)

	Cambodia (2002)	Micronesia, Federated States of (2006)

Administrative divisions	20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev	4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap
Age structure	0-14 years: 40.7% (male 2,646,883; female 2,550,015) 15-64 years: 55.8% (male 3,373,692; female 3,758,736) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 182,149; female 263,849) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 36.6% (male 20,116/female 19,391) 15-64 years: 60.4% (male 32,620/female 32,659) 65 years and over: 3% (male 1,413/female 1,805) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, rubber, corn, vegetables	black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens; fish
Airports	20 (2001)	6 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 16 15 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 2 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km	total: 702 sq km land: 702 sq km water: 0 sq km (fresh water only) note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Oklahoma	four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)
Background	Following a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces.	In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US, which was amended and renewed in 2004. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.
Birth rate	32.93 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	24.68 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $363 million expenditures: $532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.)	revenues: $127.3 million ($69 million less grants) expenditures: $144.2 million; including capital expenditures of $17.9 million $NA (1998 est.)
Capital	Phnom Penh	name: Palikir geographic coordinates: 6 55 N, 158 08 E time difference: UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation	tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Coastline	443 km	6,112 km
Constitution	promulgated 21 September 1993	10 May 1979
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea local short form: Kampuchea former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic	conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia conventional short form: none local long form: Federated States of Micronesia local short form: none former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts abbreviation: FSM
Currency	riel (KHR)	-
Death rate	10.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	4.75 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$829 million (1999 est.)	$60.8 million (FY05 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY embassy: 16, Street 228 (between streets 51 and 63), Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 216-436 FAX: [855] (23) 216-437	chief of mission: Ambassador Suzanne K. HALE embassy: 101 Upper Pics Road, Kolonia mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, 96941 telephone: [691] 320-2187 FAX: [691] 320-2186
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador ROLAND ENG chancery: 4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381	chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383 FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391 consulate(s) general: Honolulu, Tamuning (Guam)
Disputes - international	demarcation of boundaries with Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam is nearing completion; accuses Thailand of moving or destroying boundary markers and encroachment, of not respecting its claims, and of sealing off access to the Preah Vihear temple ruin awarded to Cambodia by the ICJ in 1962; accuses Vietnam of territorial encroachments and initiating armed border incidents in seven provinces, despite substantial demarcation efforts to date; disputes several offshore islands with Vietnam, which prevents delimitation of a maritime boundary	none
Economic aid - recipient	$548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors	$86.3 million under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001; the level of aid has been subsequently reduced
Economy - overview	Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 5%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. In 2001, severe floods damaged an estimated 15% of the area devoted to rice. Tourism now is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the September 11 terrorist attacks in the US. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors.	Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location, a lack of adequate facilities, and limited air connections hinder development. The Amended Compact of Free Association with the US guarantees the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) millions of dollars in annual aid through 2023, and establishes a Trust Fund into which the US and the FSM make annual contributions in order to provide annual payouts to the FSM in perpetuity after 2023. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due not only to the reduction in US assistance but also to the slow growth of the private sector.
Electricity - consumption	122.76 million kWh (2000)	178.6 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	132 million kWh (2000)	192 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 62% hydro: 38% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m
Environment - current issues	illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998	overfishing, climate change, pollution
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%	nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups
Exchange rates	riels per US dollar - 3,895.0 (January 2002), 3,918.5 (2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997)	the US dollar is used
Executive branch	chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993) head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since NA) and TOL LAH (since NA) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and apppointed by the king	chief of state: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION (11 May 2003) cabinet: Cabinet includes the vice president and the heads of the eight executive departments elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held May 2007); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed election results: Joseph J. URUSEMAL elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA%
Exports	$1.05 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)	$14 million (f.o.b.) (2004 est.)
Exports - commodities	timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish	fish, garments, bananas, black pepper
Exports - partners	US 46.4%, Vietnam 26.1%, Germany 5.6%, Singapore 5.0%, UK 3.9% (2000)	Japan, US, Guam (2004)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 October - 30 September
Flag description	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band	light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern
GDP	purchasing power parity - $18.7 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 50% industry: 15% services: 35% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 28.9% industry: 15.2% services: 55.9% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	5.3% (2001 est.)	0.3% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 00 N, 105 00 E	6 55 N, 158 15 E
Geography - note	a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap	four major island groups totaling 607 islands
Heliports	2 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 35,769 km paved: 4,165 km unpaved: 31,604 km (1997)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 34% (1997)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders	-
Imports	$1.4 billion f.o.b. (2000 est.)	$132.7 million f.o.b. (2004)
Imports - commodities	petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles	food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages
Imports - partners	Singapore 22.5%, Thailand 19.8%, Hong Kong 15.6%, China 4.9%, Vietnam 4.9% (2000)	US, Japan, Hong Kong (2004)
Independence	9 November 1953 (from France)	3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles	tourism, construction; fish processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items from shell, wood, and pearls
Infant mortality rate	64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births male: 32.17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 26.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.6% (2000 est.)	2.2% (2005)
International organization participation	ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	2,700 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority	Supreme Court
Labor force	6 million (1998 est.)	37,410
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 80% (2001 est.)	note: 0.9% two-thirds are government employees, 34.4%, 64.7%
Land boundaries	total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 20.96% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 78.43% (1998 est.)	arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (2005)
Languages	Khmer (official) 95%, French, English	English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Legal system	primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years	based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch	bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA July 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2	unicameral Congress (14 seats; 4 - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms; members elected by popular vote) elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held March 2007); elections for two-year term seats last held 8 March 2005 (next to be held March 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 57.1 years male: 54.81 years female: 59.5 years (2002 est.)	total population: 70.05 years male: 68.24 years female: 71.95 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35% male: 48% female: 22% (1990 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 91% female: 88% (1980 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos	Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
Map references	Southeast Asia	Oceania
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 404 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,889,404 GRT/2,740,232 DWT ships by type: bulk 37, cargo 312, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 5, container 7, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 10, roll on/roll off 9, short-sea passenger 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Aruba 1, Belize 8, British Virgin Islands 1, Bulgaria 3, China 21, Cyprus 15, Denmark 1, Egypt 7, Estonia 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Greece 12, Honduras 5, Hong Kong 12, Iceland 1, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Ireland 1, Italy 1, Japan 5, Jordan 1, Latvia 2, Lebanon 5, Liberia 5, Lithuania 1, Malta 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 2, Panama 7, Romania 4, Russia 67, Saint Kitts and Nevis 10, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4, Singapore 15, South Korea 24, Syria 13, Thailand 1, Turkey 22, Ukraine 13, United Arab Emirates 2, United Kingdom 1, United States 5, Vietnam 2, Virgin Islands (UK) 1 (2002 est.)	total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 2,423 GRT/1,551 DWT by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 (2006)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches	Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Army, Navy, Air Force	no ministry of defense and no standing armed forces; the paramilitary Maritime Wing, a small maritime law enforcement unit, is responsible to the Division of Maritime Surveillance within the Office of the Attorney General (2003)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$112 million (FY01 est.)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3% (FY01 est.)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,990,790 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,673,713 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 162,643 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 9 November (1953)	Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)
Nationality	noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian	noun: Micronesian(s) adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese
Natural hazards	monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts	typhoons (June to December)
Natural resources	timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential	forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals, phosphate
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-21.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI]	no formal parties
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	12,775,324 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)	108,004 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	36% (1997 est.)	26.7%
Population growth rate	2.24% (2002 est.)	-0.11% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999)	AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Radios	1.34 million (1997)	-
Railways	total: 603 km narrow gauge: 603 km 1.000-m gauge (2001 est.)	-
Religions	Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%	Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other 3%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service domestic: NA international: adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)	general assessment: adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap international: country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)
Telephones - main lines in use	21,800 (mid-1998)	12,400 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	80,000 (2000)	14,100 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	5 (1999)	3; note - cable TV also available (2004)
Terrain	mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north	islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk
Total fertility rate	4.66 children born/woman (2002 est.)	3.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	2.8% (1999 est.)	22% (2000 est.)
Waterways	3,700 km note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m	-

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